A betaine (BEET-uh-een, bē'tə-ēn', -ĭn) mukemesitiri imhando ipi neipi yekemikari isina kwayakarerekera ine yakanaka inochajiswa cationic inoshanda boka senge quaternary ammonium kana phosphonium cation (kazhinji: onium ions) iyo isingabereki. atomu yehydrogen uye neboka rakashata rinoshanda senge carboxylate boka iro rinogona kunge risiri padyo nenzvimbo yecationic.A betaine saka inogona kunge iri chaiyo mhando yezwitterion.Nhoroondo izwi raichengeterwa trimethylglycine chete.Inoshandiswa semushonga zvakare.Muzvinyorwa zvebhayoloji, ma betaine akawanda anongoitika ega anoshanda se organic osmolytes, zvinhu zvinogadzirwa kana kutorwa kubva kunharaunda nemaseru kuti zvidzivirirwe kubva kune osmotic stress, kusanaya kwemvura, kunyura kwemunyu kana kupisa kwakanyanya.Intracellular accumulation ye betaines, isina-perturbing kune enzyme basa, mapuroteni maitiro uye membrane kutendeseka, inobvumira kuchengetedza mvura mumasero, nokudaro kudzivirira kubva pamigumisiro yekushaya mvura.Iyo zvakare methyl donor yekuwedzera kuzivikanwa kukosha mubiology.Betaine ialkaloid ine yakasimba hygroscopicity, saka inowanzobatwa neanti-caking agent mukugadzira maitiro.Yayo molecular structure uye application effect haina kunyanya kusiyana neiyo ye natural betaine, uye ndeyezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakaenzana nemakemikari synthesis.Betaine inonyanya kushanda methyl donor inogona kutsiva methionine uye choline.Tsiva methionine kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwekuita uye kuderedza mutengo wekudya.
